By Gian Joseph, Safety Advisor
As we enter the rainy and cold season, we face several risks, which include slips, trips, and falls in our day-to-day activities. It is important to be aware of hazards around us and learn how to properly identify and assess any risks with each step.
Slips, trips, and falls (STFs) are common accidents that can lead to severe injuries. These incidents occur in various settings, from homes and workplaces to public spaces, and it is essential to understand the causes, consequences, and, most importantly, strategies for prevention and mitigation.
1. Understanding the Dynamics of STFs. STFs are caused by the following.
Insufficient friction between the shoe and the walking surface. Common causes include wet or greasy floors, spills, and loose debris (Slip and Fall Accidents, 2021).
When a person's foot collides with an object or an uneven surface, it causes them to lose balance. Typical trip hazards include cluttered walkways, electrical cords, uneven flooring, and damaged or upturned mats (Slip and Fall Accidents, 2021).
| Causes of falls outside of the workplace | Causes of falls in the workplace |
|---|---|
| Water, ice, snow, mud, grease, oil, food, or other wet products on smooth floors | Uncovered hoses, cables, wires, or cords across walking surfaces |
| Dust, powders, plastic wrapping, granules, or other dry products that are slippery on smooth floors | Obstacles or clutter on walking surfaces |
| Freshly waxed surfaces | Furniture drawers/door left open |
| Highly polished surfaces that remain slick when dry (like concrete, marble, or ceramic) | Damaged, unmarked, or irregular steps or ramps |
| Loose or irregular surfaces like gravel or unanchored flooring | Rumpled carpets or mats (or curled edges) |
| Sloped walking surfaces without slip- or skid-resistance | Thresholds, gaps, and other irregularities in walking surfaces |
| Muddy terrain | Speed bumps and curb drops |
| Wet or dry leaves, pine needles, or plant debris | Fatigue or being under the influence |
| Shoes with inadequate traction | Bulky PPE/loads |
| Soles that are wet, muddy, or greasy | Poor lighting/vision/air quality |
2. The Impact of STFs
Slips, trips, and falls have far-reaching effects, affecting individuals and society. Personal injuries range from minor cuts, bruises, sprains, and abrasions to fractures, dislocations, and head injuries (National Safety Council, 2021). The medical expenses associated with treating STF-related injuries can be substantial, including hospital stays, surgeries, rehabilitation, and ongoing care (National Safety Council, 2021). STFs can result in missed workdays and reduced productivity for both individuals and employers. Workers' compensation claims and absenteeism contribute to economic costs (National Safety Council, 2021). Lastly, the physical and psychological consequences of STFs can limit mobility, independence, and overall quality of life, especially among older adults (Sahyoun et al., 2020).
3. Prevention and Mitigation Strategies
Preventing and mitigating STFs involves a combination of awareness, environmental modifications, and education. Here are some ways you can take precautions against STFs in your daily activities;
Clear Pathways: Maintain clear, unobstructed walkways by removing clutter and tripping hazards such as cords, toys, and loose rugs (Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], 2002).
Adequate Lighting: Ensure proper lighting in all areas, both indoors and outdoors, to improve visibility and reduce the risk of tripping over obstacles (OSHA, 2002).
Slip-Resistant Flooring: Install slip-resistant flooring materials, especially in areas prone to moisture, like bathrooms and kitchens (OSHA, 2002).
Footwear: Encourage the use of proper footwear with good traction, especially in environments where slip hazards are prevalent (Sahyoun et al., 2020).
Handrails and Guardrails: Install and maintain handrails and guardrails on stairs, ramps, and elevated platforms to provide support and prevent falls (OSHA, 2002).
Warning Signs: Use signage to alert individuals to potential hazards, such as wet floors or uneven surfaces (OSHA, 2002).
Education and Training: Promote awareness and provide training to individuals on recognizing and avoiding STF hazards (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], 2015).
Workplace Safety: Employers should implement safety protocols and conduct risk assessments in the workplace, addressing potential STF risks (NIOSH, 2015).
Regular Maintenance: Routinely inspect and maintain buildings, walkways, and outdoor areas to identify and address potential hazards promptly (NIOSH, 2015).
4. A Holistic Approach to STF Prevention
Preventing and mitigating STFs require a collaborative approach involving individuals, organizations, and communities:
Individuals: Exercise caution when walking, especially in unfamiliar or potentially hazardous environments. Wear appropriate footwear and take your time, especially in wet or slippery conditions (Sahyoun et al., 2020).
Employers: Create a safe work environment by identifying and mitigating STF risks. Provide training to employees on safety protocols and the proper use of equipment (OSHA, 2002).
Property Owners and Managers: Ensure properties are well-maintained and free from hazards. Regularly inspect and address issues promptly (NIOSH, 2015).
Government and Local Authorities: Enforce building codes and regulations that promote safety, especially in public spaces and commercial buildings (OSHA, 2002).
Conclusion
Slips, trips, and falls are preventable accidents that carry substantial personal, economic, and societal costs. By comprehending the causes, consequences, and prevention strategies, we can significantly reduce the incidence of STFs and mitigate their impact. Whether at home, at work, or in public spaces, prioritizing safety and fostering awareness about STFs is crucial for the well-being of individuals and communities. Let us strive collectively to create environments where everyone can move safely and confidently, free from the fear of falling.
References:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2015). Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls in Wholesale and Retail Trade Establishments. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2015-100/pdfs/2015-100.pdf
National Safety Council. (2021). Injury Facts. https://injuryfacts.nsc.org/work/overview/work-safety-introduction/work-...
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (2002). OSHA Publication 3151-12R. Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls in Wholesale and Retail Trade Establishments. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3151.pdf
Sahyoun, N. R., Pratt, L. A., & Lentzner, H. (2020). The Changing Profile of Nursing Home Residents: 1985-1997. Journal of Aging and Health, 12(3), 336-363.
Slip and Fall Accidents. (2021). InjuryClaimCoach.com. https://www.injuryclaimcoach.com/slip-and-fall-accidents.html
Please note that the sources cited are accurate as of the time of writing this article. For the most current information, consult authoritative sources and local health authorities.